| 词汇 | break |
| 释义 | break | BrE breɪk, AmE breɪk | A. transitive verb past tense broke past participle broken ① (separate into pieces) 打破 ‹window, table›; 弄断 ‹stick, chain›▸ to break sth open, to break open sth; 把某物砸开 ▸ to break sth in half or two 把某物一分为二 ▸ she broke the chocolate into eight pieces 她把巧克力掰成了八块 ▸ he broke the brick with a hammer 他用锤子敲碎了砖 ▸ the bird breaks the shell with its beak 鸟用喙啄破了贝壳 ▸ to break an egg/a nut/the ice 打蛋/砸开坚果/破冰 ② Anatomy 折断 ‹bone, arm, wing›▸ to break one's neck 折断脖子 ③ (split open) 划破 ‹skin›▸ the dog bit me, but it didn't break the skin 狗咬了我，但没咬破皮 ▸ to break surface «submarine, diver» 浮出水面 ④ (split apart) 拆开 ‹set, seal›; 拆分 ‹line, text›⑤ (make inoperative) 弄坏 ‹radio, watch, torch, camera, etc.›⑥ (contravene) 违反 ‹law, promise›; 破坏 ‹embargo, strike›▸ to break every rule in the book 违反书中的所有规定 ▸ the president broke his word 总裁食言了 ▸ to break an appointment 爽约 ⑦ (exceed, surpass) 冲破 ‹sound barrier, class barrier›▸ to break the record/speed limit 打破纪录/超速 ⑧ (interrupt visually) «object» 破坏…的连续性 ‹line›▸ a group of hills broke the horizon in the distance 远处的群山矗立在地平线上 ⑨ (end) 打破 ‹spell, monotony›; 打乱 ‹sequence›; 打断 ‹train of thought, concentration, continuity›; 中断 ‹link, contact›▸ to break one's silence 打破缄默 ⑩ (mainly British) (make pause in) 在…中稍停 ▸ to break one's journey 在旅途中停留 ⑪ Electricity 切断 ‹current, circuit, contact›⑫ (lessen impact of) 减缓…的势头 ▸ the hedge helps to break the wind 树篱可挡风 ▸ a small tree broke her fall 她摔落时被一棵小树挡了一下 ⑬ (ruin financially) 使…破产 ‹person, organization›⑭ (crush, overcome power of) 使…垮掉 ‹person, health›; 瓦解 ‹organization, resistance›▸ to break sb's/sth's hold over sb/sth; 打破某人/某事物对某人/某事物的控制 ▸ to break sb's spirit/resolve 瓦解某人的精神/决心 ▸ the death of his wife broke him completely 妻子的去世使他悲痛欲绝 ⑮ (resolve successfully) 冲破 ‹siege, blockade, deadlock›; 镇压 ‹rebellion›; 中止 ‹strike›⑯ (in tennis) 接…得分 ‹service›; 接…的发球得分 ‹opponent›⑰ (give up) 戒除 ‹habit›▸ to break sb/oneself of a habit; 使某人改掉/改掉习惯 ⑱ (announce) 透露 ▸ to break the news to sb 向某人透露消息 ▸ to break it to sb gently 婉转地告知某人此事 ⑲ (decipher) 破译 ‹code, cipher›⑳ ▸ (leave) to break camp 拔营 ▸ to break jail 越狱 ㉑ (change for coins) 兑开 ‹bill, note›B. intransitive verb past tense broke past participle broken ① (separate into pieces) «table, ice, box» 破裂 ; (shatter) «window, egg» 破碎 ; (snap) «pencil, bone, neck, wing» 折断 ; (be pulled apart) «shoelace, rope, wool» 拉断 ▸ to break in half or two 断成两半 ② (cease to be operational) «radio, watch, torch» 损坏 ③ (disperse) «clouds» 消散 ④ (stop for a rest) 休息 ▸ let's break for ten minutes 我们休息10分钟吧 ▸ to break for tea/coffee 休息用茶/咖啡 ⑤ Sport «boxers, wrestlers» 分开 ⑥ (change) «weather» 突变 ▸ the heatwave has broken at last 热浪终于过去了 ⑦ (begin) «dawn» 开始 ▸ we'll leave as soon as day breaks 天一亮我们就动身 ⑧ (begin violently) 爆发 ▸ the storm broke as they were halfway home 他们回家走到半路时风雨大作 ⑨ (dissolve) «waves, sea» 迸溅 ▸ to break against/on/over sth; 拍打在某物上溅开 ⑩ (become known) «news, scandal, story» 突然传开 ▸ breaking news 突发新闻 ⑪ (get away) «person, animal» 挣脱 ; «boat» 脱缆 ▸ to break from sth; 挣脱某事物 ⑫ Medicine (in pregnancy) «waters» 破 ⑬ (weaken) «health» 垮掉 ; «spirit, resistance» 瓦解 ; «strength» 削弱 ▸ to break under sth; 在…之下垮掉 ‹questioning, torture, strain›▸ we'll keep going until we break 我们要走到筋疲力尽为止 ⑭ (falter) «voice» 变调 ; (in adolescence) «boy's voice» 变粗 ▸ to break with sth; 因…而语不成声 ‹emotion, grief, anger›⑮ Sport (in billiards, pool, snooker) «player» 开球 C. noun ① (fracture) (instance) 折断 ; (point) 破裂处 ▸ a break in an arm/a leg 手臂/腿骨折 ② (crack, split) 裂缝 ; (gap, space) 空隙 ▸ a break in sth; 某物上的缝隙 ③ (interruption of sequence or process) 中断 ▸ a break in sth; 某过程的间断 ▸ a break in a child's education 孩子教育的中断 ▸ without a break 不停地 ④ (pause) (in TV, radio programme) 间隙 ; (in game, match, performance) 休息 ▸ a break for advertisements or commercials 插播广告的间歇 ▸ to take a break 休息一下 [插播广告时的用语] ⑤ (rest) 休息 ▸ a break from sth; 停下某事休息 ▸ to have or take a break (from sth/doing sth) （停下某事/做某事）休息一下 ▸ to give sb a break (from sth/doing sth) 让某人（停下某事/做某事）去休息 ▸ give me a break! informal (stop annoying me) 别烦我了！ (stop lying) 别瞎扯了！ ▸ morning/afternoon break British School 上午/下午课间休息 ⑥ Linguistics (in word) 移行处 ; (in line) 停顿 ; (in sentence) 省略号 ; (in paragraph) 断纸 [指段落之间的空白处] ⑦ Electricity, Physics (interruption) (in transmission) 断开 ; (in electrical circuit) 断路 ⑧ (holiday) 短假 ▸ a break from sth; 离开某处的休假 ▸ a weekend break in Amsterdam 在阿姆斯特丹的周末度假 ⑨ (decisive change) 决裂 ▸ a break with sb/sth; 与某人/某事物的决裂 ▸ a break in sth; 在某方面的决裂 ▸ to make a or the break with … (from family) 与…断绝关系 (from job) 坚决放弃… ⑩ Meteorology 突变 ▸ a break in the weather 天气的突变 ⑪ (change of tone) 音调突变 ▸ a break in sb's voice 某人声音的突变 ⑫ informal (escape bid) 逃跑 ▸ a prison break 越狱 ▸ to make a break for sth/it 向某处逃去/逃跑 ⑬ informal (opportunity) 机会 ▸ to give sb a break (help in career) 给某人一次机会 (make allowances) 谅解某人 ▸ to give sb an even break 给某人以平等的机会 ⑭ (in tennis) 接发球得分 ▸ service break, break of serve 破发球 ⑮ (in billiards, pool, snooker) (series of shots) 接连击中 ; (first shot) 开球 ▸ to make a 50 point break 连得50分 ⑯ (in jazz or popular music) 华彩段 PHRASAL VERBS break away A. intransitive verb ① (become detached, move away) 脱离 ▸ to break away from sb/sth; 脱离某人/某事物 ▸ the young elephant broke away from the herd 小象离群了 ② (escape) «person, animal, boat, kite» 挣脱 ▸ to break away from sb/sth; 摆脱某人/某事物逃走 ③ Sport «runner, cyclist» 领先 ▸ to break away from sb/sth; 甩开某人/某群 B. transitive verb [break sth away, break away sth] 使脱离 ▸ to break the shell away from the egg 剥去蛋壳 ▸ part of the cliff had been broken away 悬崖的一部分已经崩落 break down A. intransitive verb ① (stop functioning) «machine, system» 发生故障 ② (fail) «negotiations» 失败 ; «relations» 破裂 ; «discipline, agreement» 失效 ; «moral values, system, coalition» 崩溃 ③ (collapse mentally or physically) «person, health» 垮掉 ▸ to break down under interrogation/torture; 经不起质问/折磨而垮掉 ④ (weep) «person» 失声痛哭 ⑤ (be classified) «results, data» 分类 ⑥ Chemistry, Biology «compound, substance, food» 分解 ▸ to break down into sth; 分解成某物 B. transitive verb [break down sth, break sth down] ① (knock down) 撞倒 ‹door, barrier›② (overcome) 克服 ‹shyness, obstacle, attitude›; 瓦解 ‹resistance, opposition›③ Chemistry, Biology (cause to separate into parts) 分解 ‹compound, substance, food›▸ to break sth down into sth; 把某物分解成某物 break in A. intransitive verb ① (enter forcibly) «thief, fire brigade» 破门而入 ② (interrupt) «noise, action» 打断 ▸ to break in on sb/sth; 打断某人/某事 ▸ don't keep breaking in! 不要总插嘴！ B. [break sth in, break in sth] transitive verb ① (knock in) 砸破…进入 ‹box›▸ the police broke the door in 警察破门而入 ② (wear, use) 把…穿得合脚 ‹shoes›; 使…合用 ‹false teeth, tennis racket›③ Riding 驯 ‹horse›C. [break sb in, break in sb] transitive verb 训练 ‹recruit, novice›▸ to break sb in gently informal humorous 逐渐驯化某人 break into transitive verb [break into sth] ① (enter by force) 闯入 ‹house, bank›▸ firefighters broke into the burning building 消防员冲进燃烧的大楼 ② (open by force) 砸开 ‹safe, money box, car›③ (start to use) 开启 ‹new box, new bottle›; (resort to using) 动用 ‹emergency supplies, savings›④ (pay with) 兑开 ‹note›⑤ (encroach on) 占用 ‹leisure time›▸ he doesn't want to break into his evening 他不想占用晚上的时间 ⑥ (begin to do) 突然发出 ‹laughter, cheers›; (change pace to) 突然加速 ‹run, trot›▸ she broke into song 她突然唱起歌来 ▸ the horse broke into a gallop 那匹马突然飞奔起来 ⑦ (make headway in) 打入 ‹market, show business›break off A. intransitive verb ① (snap off) «tip, twig» 折断 ② (stop doing sth) 突然停止 ▸ to break off from sth/doing sth; 停止某事/做某事 ▸ he broke off as his wife came into the room (stopped speaking) 妻子一进屋他便不讲话了 B. [break off sth] transitive verb (be snapped off) «end, handle, mast, twig» 从…处折断 C. [break sth off, break off sth] transitive verb ① (snap off) 折断 ‹handle, twig, mast, part›▸ to break sth off sth; 把某物从某处折断 ▸ he broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me 他掰下一块巧克力给了我 ▸ break a bit off the end 从末端折下一点 ② (stop, terminate) 中断 ‹activity, meeting›; 终止 ‹negotiations›; 断绝 ‹connection, relations›▸ to break off doing sth; 暂停做某事 ▸ to break off sth with sb; 与某人断绝某种关系 ▸ they've broken off their engagement 他们取消了婚约 break out A. intransitive verb ① (start) «war, argument, plague» 爆发 ▸ fire broke out on the third floor 大火是从三楼烧起来的 ② (appear) «spots, pimples» 突然冒出 ▸ to break out over/on sth; 突然布满某处 ▸ sweat broke out all over his body 他突然冒出一身汗 ③ (escape) 逃脱 ▸ to break out of sth; 逃出 ‹cage, trap› 摆脱 ‹routine, rut, depression›▸ to break out of prison 越狱 B. transitive verb [break sth out, break out sth] 打开…使用 ▸ shall we break out the champagne? 我们开了这瓶香槟酒吧？ break out in: transitive verb [break out in sth] 布满 ‹spots, pimples›▸ I broke out in a cold sweat 我冒出一身冷汗 break through A. intransitive verb ① (force way through) «person, animal, vehicle» 冲过 ▸ the army broke through 部队突围了 ② (succeed) 取得突破 ▸ to break through in the fight against cancer 在抗癌方面取得突破 ③ (appear) «moon, sun» 露出 B. transitive verb [break through sth] ① (force way through) 冲破 ‹door, obstacle›; 穿透 ‹floor, ground›; 突破 ‹defence›▸ the deer broke through the undergrowth 那只鹿穿过了矮树丛 ② (overcome) 克服 ▸ to break through sb's reserve 消除某人的矜持 ③ (emerge from) «sun, moon» 从…后露出 ‹clouds, fog›break up A. [break sth up, break up sth] transitive verb ① (reduce to pieces) 把…弄碎 ‹ice, table, chocolate›; 拆散 ‹machine, jigsaw puzzle›▸ frost had broken up the surface of the road 严寒把路面冻裂了 ▸ to break sth up into sth; 把某物拆分成某物 ② (divide) 分 ‹estate, job, paragraph›▸ to break up sth into sth; 把某物分成某物 ▸ the academic year is broken up into three terms 一学年分为三个学期 ③ (make more interesting) 使…更有趣 ‹evening, journey, routine›▸ to break up sth with sth; 用某事物调剂某事物 ▸ making food helps to break up the day 做饭可以使日子不至于太单调 ④ (disperse) 解散 ‹party, meeting›; 驱散 ‹protest, crowd›; 制止 ‹fight›▸ the troops used tear gas to break up the riot 军队使用催泪弹驱散了骚乱的人群 ▸ break it up! (stop fighting) 别打了！ (disperse) 散开！ humorous (stop kissing) 别亲了！ ⑤ (end) 使…解体 ‹empire, coalition›; 使…破裂 ‹marriage, relationship›; 拆散 ‹family›▸ to break up a successful team 解散一支成功的球队 ▸ this diplomatic incident broke up the alliance between the two countries 这一外交事件导致了两国联盟的解体 B. [break sb up.] transitive verb (mainly US) informal (cause to laugh) 使大笑 C. intransitive verb ① (be reduced to pieces) «ice, rock, cake» 破碎 ; «clouds» 散开 ▸ to break up into sth; 碎裂成某物 ▸ the ship broke up on the rocks 船触礁解体了 ② (be divided) «empire, party» 分裂 ▸ to break up into sth; 分裂成某物 ③ (disperse) «meeting, demonstration, people» 解散 ④ British School «school, students» 期末放假 ⑤ (come to an end) «coalition» 解体 ; «marriage, relationship» 破裂 ⑥ (end relationship) «couple» 分手 ▸ to break up with sb; 与某人分手 ▸ the band broke up in 2002 该乐队于2002年解散 ⑦ Radio, Telecommunications 被干扰 ▸ I can't hear you; you're breaking up 我听不到你说话；你的信号被干扰了 ⑧ (mainly US) informal (laugh) 大笑 break with: transitive verb ① [break with sb/sth] (end relationship with) 与…断绝关系 ‹friend, family, church›② [break with sth] (no longer follow) 摒弃 ‹tradition, old habits›▸ to break with the past 彻底告别过去 |
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