| 词汇 | back |
| 释义 | back | BrE bak, AmE bæk | A. noun ① (part of body) 背部 ▸ he was lying on his back 他仰面而卧 ▸ to travel on the back of a donkey 骑驴旅行 ▸ to be at the back of sth 策划 ‹conspiracy, proposal›▸ to do sth behind sb's back 背着某人做某事 ▸ to break the back of sth 完成某事的主要部分 ▸ we've broken the back of the problem 我们攻克了问题的难点 ▸ to be (flat) on one's back literal 仰卧 figurative informal 卧病 ▸ to be at sb's back 支持某人 ▸ to be glad to see the back of sb/sth informal 庆幸终于摆脱某人/某事物 ▸ to have one's back to sb/sth 背对着某人/某物 ▸ to live off sb's back 靠剥削某人生活 ▸ to put one's back into sth informal 全力以赴做某事 ▸ to put or get sb's back up informal 惹恼某人 ▸ to get off sb's back informal 不再烦扰某人 ▸ to be on sb's back (to do sth) informal 纠缠某人（去做某事） ▸ to succeed on the back of sth 由于某事物获得成功 ▸ to turn one's back on sb/sth literal 转身背对某人/某物 figurative 背弃某人/某事物 ② (human spine) 脊梁骨 ▸ to put one's back out 闪腰 ③ (spine of book) 书脊 ④ (reverse side) 背面 ; (of head) 后脑勺 ▸ the back of the knife/hand 刀背/手背 ▸ to hang one's coat on the back of the door 把外套挂在门后 ▸ the back of the fridge/house/shelves 冰箱背面/房子后墙/架子后挡板 ⑤ (rear part) 尾部 → lorry⑥ (area behind building) 屋后 ▸ to be out or British round the back 在屋后 ▸ to be in the back or in back of the house US (in the garden) 在后花园 (in the yard) 在后院 ⑦ (furthest reaches of cupboard, drawer, fridge) 深处 ; (of stage) 后部 ▸ at the back of the audience 在观众席的后排 ▸ at the very back 在最后 ▸ to sit at or in the back of the bus 坐在公共汽车的后部 ▸ the back of the throat/mouth 咽喉深处/口腔后部 ⑧ (supporting part of chair, sofa) 靠背 ⑨ Sport 后卫 ⑩ (final pages of book, newspaper etc.) 最后几页 ▸ at the back of the book/file 在书/文件的最后几页 B. adjective attributive ① (rear) 后面的 ▸ the back pages of a book 书的最后几页 ② (remote, minor) 偏僻的 ‹alley›; (subsidiary) 辅助的 ③ (backwards) 向后的 ▸ a back pass to the goalkeeper 给守门员的回传球 C. adverb ① (indicating return after absence) 返回 ▸ to be back (from school/work) （放学/下班）回来 ▸ they arrived back from holiday 他们度完假回来了 ▸ it's good to be back home 回到家真好 ② (fashionable again) 再次流行 ▸ roller-skates are back (in fashion) 滑旱冰又流行起来了 ③ (in return) 回报 ; (in reply) 回答 ▸ to punch sb back 用拳头回击某人 ▸ he didn't email me back 他没有给我回复电子邮件 ▸ ‘OK,’he shouted back “可以，”他大声回答道 ④ (backwards, in a reverse direction) 向后 ▸ to glance/look back 向后扫视/看 ⑤ (away) 有距离 ▸ back from sb/sth; 离开某人/某物 ▸ back! 退后！ ▸ he moved back from the edge of the cliff 他从悬崖边向后退 ⑥ (ago) 以前 ; (a long time ago) 久远地 ▸ a week/five minutes back 一周/五分钟以前 ▸ back in the days when … 早在…的时候 ▸ way back in the winter 远在冬天的时候 ▸ as far back as last year/1985 早在去年/1985年 ⑦ (once again) 回到原状 ▸ she's back in power 她再次掌权 ▸ Paul is back at the wheel 保罗又开起车来了 ⑧ (earlier in book or journey) 在前面 ▸ several pages/ten lines back 前几页/十行 ▸ we overtook him 20 km back 在前面20公里处我们就超过了他 ⑨ (indicating return to sb's possession) 归还 ▸ I have my books back now 我那些书还回来了 ▸ I want my money back 我想要回我的钱 ⑩ (indicating return to proper position) 回原处 ; (expressing return to a former location) 回原地 ▸ is everything back where it belongs? 所有的东西都放回原处了吗？ ▸ the journey to Madrid and back 往返马德里的旅程 ⑪ (in a different location) 在别处 ; (at earlier location) 在原处 ▸ back in the studio, recording had begun 而在录音室，录制工作已经开始 ▸ the folks back home are counting on him 老家的父母都指望着他 ▸ I'll see you back at the house/in the office 我还在那幢房子/那间办公室见你 D. back and forth adverb phrase 反复往返 ▸ to go or travel back and forth (between …) 往返（于…之间） ▸ to swing back and forth «pendulum» 来回摆动 ▸ the film cuts or moves back and forth between New York and Paris 电影画面在纽约和巴黎两地之间切换 E. transitive verb ① (support) 支持 ▸ the strike is backed by the union 罢工得到了工会的支持 ② (finance) 资助 ‹project, enterprise, undertaking›③ (substantiate) 证实 ▸ to back an argument/a claim with … 通过…证实论点/说法 ④ (reverse) 使倒退 ▸ to back the car into the garage 把汽车倒进车库 ▸ to back sb into/against sth; 使某人退入某处/退到某物前 ▸ she backed him into the corner 她把他逼进了角落 ⑤ (bet on) 下赌注于 ‹horse, favourite team›▸ to back the wrong horse literal 赛马中下错赌注 figurative 支持失败的一方 ▸ to back a loser/winner «racegoer» 赌错/赌对了马 «investor» 投资失误/成功 «supporter» 支持失败者/成功者 ⑥ (stiffen) 在…背后加固 ; (line) 为…加衬里 ▸ to back sth with sth (reinforce for strength) 用某物给…加背衬 ‹book, fabric› 用某物裱糊 ‹map, painting›⑦ (accompany with music) 为…伴奏 ; (sing in accompaniment) 为…伴唱 ⑧ British (have sth to the rear) 位于…的后面 ▸ to be backed by sth; 后面是某物 ▸ the house is backed by fields 房屋的后面是田野 F. intransitive verb ① (reverse) 倒退 ② Nautical «wind» 逆时针转向 PHRASAL VERBS back away intransitive verb ① (move backwards) 退后 ▸ to back away from sb/sth; 退避 ② (steer clear) 退缩 ▸ to back away from sth; 回避 ‹problem, confrontation›back down A. intransitive verb 放弃 ▸ to back down from sth; 放弃 ‹fight›▸ to back down on or over sth; 取消 ‹sanctions, allegations›B. transitive verb [back down sth] ① (go down backwards) 沿…退下 ‹slope›② (go along backwards) 沿…返回 ‹road, drive›back in A. intransitive verb (go in backwards) 退进 ▸ the car backed in 汽车倒了进来 B. transitive verb [back sth in, back in sth] (put in backwards) 把…倒进来 ‹car›; 使…退进来 ‹horse›back off intransitive verb ① (move away) 走开 ② (give way) 放弃 ▸ to back off over sth; 在…上让步 ‹issue, matter›▸ to back off from a reform 放弃改革 back on to: transitive verb [back on to sth] «house» 背向 ‹fields, railway›back out A. intransitive verb ① (go out backwards) 退出 ▸ to back out of; «person, horse» 从…中退出 ‹room› «driver, car» 从…中倒出 ‹parking space›② (withdraw) «competitor, team» 退出 ▸ to back out of; 退出 ‹event, deal›B. transitive verb [back sth out, back out sth] «driver» 把…倒出 ‹car›; «rider» 使…退出 ‹horse›▸ to back sth out of sth; 使某物从某处中退出 back up A. intransitive verb ① (go backwards) «person, horse» 后退 ; «driver» 倒车 ; «car» 向后倒 ▸ to back up a few yards 后退几码 ② Computing 备份 ③ (accumulate) «water» 聚集 ④ (become blocked) «drains» 堵塞 ⑤ (tail back) «traffic» 拥塞 B. [backsth up, back up sth] transitive verb ① (support) «facts, evidence» 证实 ‹claim, case, theory›▸ to back sth up with sth; 通过某事物来支持某事物 ▸ to back up demands with threats 威胁着要满足要求 ② (make go backwards) «driver» 倒 ‹car›; «rider» 使…后退 ‹horse›③ Computing 备份 ‹data, file›④ (cause to tail back) 阻塞 ‹traffic›C. [back sb up, back up sb] transitive verb 支持 ‹person› |
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