| 词汇 | scratch |
| 释义 | scratch | BrE skratʃ, AmE skrætʃ | A. transitive verb ① (mark with a scratch) 划破 ‹face, car, glass›▸ the cat scratched me on the arm or scratched my arm 猫抓伤了我的胳膊 ▸ to (only or merely or just) scratch the surface of sth 对某事物（仅仅）作肤浅的探讨 ② (rub with fingernails) 挠 ‹itch, spot, bite, part of body›▸ to scratch one's head figurative 冥思苦想 ▸ you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours figurative 你给我好处，我也给你好处 ③ (make by scratching) 抠出 ‹hole›; 戳刻 ‹line, name›④ Sport 使…退出比赛 ‹horse, competitor›; US Politics 画掉…的名字 ‹candidate›⑤ (cancel, abandon) 取消 ‹project›▸ to scratch the charges 取消收费 B. intransitive verb ① (make marks) 抓 ; (wound) 抓伤 ▸ be careful of the cat, she scratches 小心那只猫，它会抓人 ▸ a few hens were scratching in the dust of the yard 几只母鸡在院子里刨土 ▸ bramble bushes have thorns, and they scratch 黑莓灌木上有刺，能伤人 ② (relieve itch) 挠痒 ③ (make grating noise) «pen» 发出刮擦声 ▸ I scratched very lightly on the window pane 我轻轻地刮窗玻璃 ④ (withdraw) «competitor, horse, candidate» 退出比赛 C. noun ① countable (wound) 划伤 ; (graze) 擦伤 ▸ he got a nasty scratch on his cheek 他脸上有严重的抓伤 ▸ he came out without a scratch 他毫发未伤地逃了出来 ② countable (mark) 划痕 ▸ how are we going to remove these scratches from the table? 我们怎么才能除去桌子上的这些划痕？ ③ countable (act of scratching) 挠 ▸ the cat was lying in the sun having a scratch 猫躺在阳光下挠痒痒 ▸ one scratch with the tip of this arrow and you are dead 只要被这个箭头蹭到就会丧命 ④ countable (rasping noise) 刮擦声 ▸ there was a scratch at the door 门上传来了抓挠的声音 ▸ the scratch of quill pens on paper 鹅毛笔在纸上发出的沙沙声 ⑤ uncountable ▸ (zero) from scratch 从零开始 ▸ to start from scratch 从零开始 ▸ she built up this company from scratch 她白手起家创办了这家公司 ▸ he lost the manuscript and had to write the whole thing again from scratch 他把手稿弄丢了，只好再从头写起 ⑥ uncountable ▸ (standard) up to scratch 达标的 ▸ to be or come up to scratch 达标 ▸ to keep sb/sth up to scratch 使某人/某事物符合标准 ▸ to bring sb/sth up to scratch 使某人/某事物达标 ⑦ uncountable (in golf) 零让杆 ▸ he plays off scratch 他参加无让杆比赛 D. adjective attributive ① (hastily assembled) 仓促拼凑的 ‹team, crew, meal›② (in golf) 无让杆的 ‹golfer›PHRASAL VERBS scratch around, scratch about intransitive verb 四处扒拉 ▸ the hen was scratching around in the dirt 那只母鸡在到处刨土 ▸ I spend hours scratching around for ideas figurative 我花了很长时间苦思冥想新创意 scratch out transitive verb [scratch sth out, scratch out sth] ① (erase) 勾去 ‹word, line›② ▸ (in attack) to scratch sb's eyes out 抠出某人的眼珠 [一般为威胁用语] scratch together transitive verb [scratch sth together, scratch together sth] 凑集 ‹money, people› |
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